Criterion of evolution

The origin of life can be explained through the study of thermodynamics of universe evolution!

Origin of life and its evolution are the result of action of laws of hierarchical thermodynamics.

Thermodynamics investigates systems which can be characterized by state functions. The separation of biological systems into individual hierarchies of structures allows us to study the processes in them independently of the processes that take place in other hierarchical structures.

Criterion of evolution

The approval about the reduction of the entropy of living systems as a result of biological evolution is incorrect. The criterion of evolution of living system is the change (during evolution) of the specific free energy (Gibbs function, G) of this living system. The evolution of living system takes place against the background of flows of energy (e.g., light, energy of physical fields) from the environment. It increases its specific free energy. At the same time, the specific free energy of this living system is decreased as a result of spontaneous processes in this system.

Thus, the total change in the specific free energy of a living system is composed of two parts: 1. The change of free energy due to the inflow of external energy (G1> 0) and 2. The change of free energy due to spontaneous transformations in the system (G2 < 0) . The evolving system constantly adapts to a changing environment. The principle of substance stability contributes to this adaptation.

Thermodynamics of evolution obeys the generalized equation of Gibbs (that is the generalized equation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics)*. Biological evolution and the processes of origin of life are well described by the hierarchical thermodynamics, established on the firm foundation of theory of JW Gibbs.  Our theory created without the notion on dissipative structures of I. Prigogine and negentropy of L. Boltzmann and E. Schrodinger.

Thermodynamics serves as a basis for optimal solutions of the tasks of physiology, which are solved by organisms in the characteristic process of life: evolution, development, homeostasis, and adaptation. It is stated that the quasi-equilibrium thermodynamics of quasi-closed complex systems serves as an impetus of evolution, functions, and activities of all levels of biological systems’ organization. This fact predetermines the use of Gibbs’ methods and leads to a hierarchical thermodynamics in all spheres of physiology. The interaction of structurally related levels and sub-levels of biological systems is determined by the thermodynamic principle of substance stability. Thus, life is accompanied by a thermodynamic optimization of physiological functions of biological systems. Living matter, while functioning and evolving, seeks the minimum of specific Gibbs free energy of structure formation at all levels. The spontaneous search of this minimum takes place with participation of not only spontaneous, but also non-spontaneous processes, initiated by the surrounding environment.”

http://endeav.net/news.html

http://gladyshevevolution.wordpress.com/

http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i7030098.pdf

http://ru.scribd.com/doc/87069230/Report-Ok-16-11-2011

The generalized equation of Gibbs

See: Biological diversity is a result of thermodynamic differences of environment. http://endeav.net/news/17-thermodynamic-mechanisms-sculpting-living-organisms.html

http://creatacad.org/?id=57&lng=eng

http://gladyshevevolution.wordpress.com/article/thermodynamic-theory-of-evolution-of-169m15f5ytneq-3/

http://endeav.net/news/24-evolyutsiya-i-termodinamika-slozhnykh-prirodnykh-sistem.html

P.S. Lastly, it is important to take into account, from the viewpoint of hierarchical thermodynamics, that anti-aging diets and many drugs can be used for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and for numerous other illnesses.

http://endeav.net/news/21-nutrition-aging-thermodynamics.html

http://ru.scribd.com/doc/87069230/Report-Ok-16-11-2011

Science, evolution and reality

Preface to Georgi Gladyshev articles in Wordpress - http://gladyshevevolution.wordpress.com/article/science-evolution-and-reality-169m15f5ytneq-12/